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Bernhardt Patrick John O’Mara Bockris (born 5 January 1923 〔Brian Wallstin, "Aggie Alchemy: John Bockris was known around Texas A&M as a chemist interested in "weird science." Joe Champion gave him all he could handle." Houston Press, 7 April 1994〕 died 7 July 2013) was a professor in the physical sciences, chiefly electrochemistry. Among wide ranging contributions to physical chemistry, Bockris is best known for his creation of physical electrochemistry, taking an old and decayed subject into modern times (1950 to 1970); for the introduction of a hydrogen economy (1971 to present); and for the first known nuclear reactions to be carried out in aqueous solutions (1989 to 1997).〔Krivit, N. Winocur, "The rebirth of cold fusion", Pacific Oak Press, 2004, page 179〕 Two of the areas (out of 23) which he chose to study have provoked controversy, namely cold fusion〔Packham, N.J.C., et al., Production of tritium from D2O electrolysis at a palladium cathode. J. Electroanal. Chem., 1989. 270: p. 451.〕 and transmutation.〔J.O’M. Bockris and Z. Minevski, Two Zones of Impurities, Infinite Energy Magazine, Nov. 1995.〕〔S. Krivit, N. Winocur, "The rebirth of cold fusion", Pacific Oak Press, 2004〕 His interests in these areas brought harsh criticism.〔Taubes, Gary (1990), "Cold fusion conundrum at Texas A&M", Science 248 (15 June 1990): 1299, Bibcode 1990Sci...248.1299T, DOI:10.1126/science.248.4961.1299, PMID 17735269〕 Dr. Bockris was exonerated of fraud or scientific misconduct by his university after three investigations in 1995.〔Bockris, J., Accountability and academic freedom: The battle concerning research on cold fusion at Texas A&M University. Accountability Res., 2000. 8: p. 103.〕〔"Academic Freedom or Scientific Misconduct?", editorial by Mike Epstein, Journal of Scientific Exploration〕〔Report: Committee of inquiry. Re: Allegation of Scientific Misconduct against J. O'M Bockris, 31 January 1994. Texas A&M university, Office of the Vice President for Research and Associate Provost for Graduate Studies.〕 Bockris authored and/or co-authored more than 712 papers and more than 24 books. His areas of interest included physical electrochemistry, environmental chemistry, photoelectrochemistry, bioelectrochemistry, quantum electrochemistry, and founding contributions to condensed matter nuclear reactions. He had undergraduate students come from 14 countries to do research with him. Between 1961 and 1969 he ranked between 8th and 11th of the frequency of quotations among U.S. physical chemists. == Early days == John Bockris was born 5 January 1923, in Johannesburg, South Africa. His father was Alfred Bockris, and his mother Emmeline Mary MacNally. From 1929 until 1930 he attended a Catholic convent school in Brighton, England. For his elementary education he attended Kendrick House, Brighton, from 1930 to 1934. From 1934 to 1937, he attended Withdean Hall, a preparatory school in Brighton, where a variety of subjects, including French and Latin, were taught. Bockris was a member of the soccer team. Students underperforming in mathematics were beaten by the headmaster, Mr. Hamilton, while his wife would sometimes compel pupils to go outside for runs at night when the weather was bad.〔This was organized by Mrs. Hamilton who chose nights with storms, rain and cold. She came into the dormitory at about 2 a.m. and would shout out "all out!" She meant get up. "Clothes on. Go for a run." She had equipped one boy with a satchel full of small pieces of paper, pledged to run ahead dropping pieces of paper wherever he went. The run lasted about twenty minutes. Immediately upon return she would shout out, "All in the bath." It would be a cold bath and after a few minutes boys were to get up, don their night clothes, and go to sleep until 7 a.m.〕 After leaving Withdean Hall, he attended Xaverian College, Brighton, from 1937 to 1940. This was a Catholic secondary school. English, French, Latin, Algebra and Geometry to Pythagoras’ Theorem were taught. When called on by the teacher, boys had to stand up and translate Latin into English without hesitation. One teacher of note was Brother Alloyisch Hollingshead, who made pupils aware that what they were supposed to do in life was to serve the community. At age 14 to 16, Bockris spent two hours per day lying on his back as he suffered from scoliosis. Forbidden to play football, he served as referee. His mother and aunt earned their income from tailoring. His father was not present during his childhood. His mother had him taught public speaking. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「John Bockris」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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